幾種常見手板加工方式

　　Several Common Handboard Processing Methods

　　手板在某些情況下稱為首版，顧名思義就是在沒有大批量的生產前，根據產品外觀圖紙和結構

　　A prototype is sometimes referred to as the first version, as the name suggests, based on the appearance drawings and structure of the product before mass production

　　圖紙一般先做出來少量的樣品，從而用來檢查產品外觀或者結構合理性功能樣板。

　　A small number of samples are usually made on the drawing first, which can be used to check the appearance or structural rationality of the product as a functional template.

　　那么哪些行業是手板廠或者手板公司精準用戶呢？運用站長之家的大數據工具，我們搜索手板

　　So which industries are prototype factories or prototype companies precise users? Using the big data tools of Webmaster's Home, we search for templates

　　這一關鍵詞，發現需求比較旺盛的是汽車、家電、電器、玩具、醫療器械、科技等行業。為這些

　　This keyword has been found to be in high demand in industries such as automobiles, home appliances, appliances, toys, medical devices, and technology. For these

　　行業制作手板和快速模具，國內常用的方式有：CNC加工、SLA、SLS、SLM、FDM、真空復模、

　　The commonly used methods for manufacturing hand boards and rapid molds in the industry in China include CNC machining, SLA, SLS, SLM, FDM, vacuum lamination

　　低壓灌注、鈑金制作，我們將從定義、使用材料、軟件使用、可加工零件、優點和缺點上比較這

　　We will compare low-pressure injection and sheet metal production in terms of definition, materials used, software usage, machinable parts, advantages and disadvantages

　　幾種手板加工方式。

　　Several hand board processing methods.

　　1. CNC加工

　　1. CNC machining

　　CNC加工是電腦數控機床，按編程好的程序通過控制刀路把一整塊板材切削而成，是目前在國內應用為

　　CNC machining is a computer numerical control machine tool that uses a programmed program to control the cutting path to cut an entire sheet metal. It is currently the most widely used in China

　　廣泛的手板制作方法，操作方法復雜，需要操作人有豐富的經驗。

　　A wide range of methods for making hand boards, with complex operation methods, require operators to have rich experience.

　　主要用于在塑膠與金屬板材的加工，可在市場上所有板材上進行切割，是一種減材技術，只能加工出有

　　Mainly used for the processing of plastic and metal sheets, it can be cut on all sheets in the market and is a material reduction technology that can only produce products with

　　一定弧度的圓角，而無法直接加工出內直角，要通過線切割/打火花等工藝來實現。

　　A rounded corner with a certain degree of curvature cannot be directly machined into an inner right angle, which needs to be achieved through processes such as wire cutting/spark cutting.

　　2.SLA

　　SLA

　　SLA即立體光固化成型法，3D打印技術的一種，所用材料類多為樹脂，用特定波長與強度的紫外線

　　SLA, also known as stereolithography, is a type of 3D printing technology that uses resin materials and specific wavelengths and intensities of ultraviolet radiation

　　激光聚焦到光敏樹脂表面，使之層層固化，終層層疊加構成一個三維實體。

　　The laser is focused on the surface of the photosensitive resin, causing it to solidify layer by layer, and finally layer by layer to form a three-dimensional solid.

　　凡是3D打印均是一種增材技術，從0到1的過程。SLA是早出現的快速原型制造工藝，成熟度高，

　　All 3D printing is an additive technology, a process from 0 to 1. SLA is the earliest rapid prototyping manufacturing process with high maturity,

　　由CAD數字模型直接制成原型，加工速度快，產品生產周期短，無需切削工具與模具，可以加工

　　Prototypes are directly made from CAD digital models, with fast processing speed, short product production cycle, no need for cutting tools and molds, and can be processed

　　結構外形復雜或使用傳統手段難于成型的原型和模具。

　　Prototypes and molds with complex structural shapes or difficult to shape using traditional methods.

　　SLA設備昂貴對工廠環境要求比較高，模具成型后強度，剛度，耐熱性有限，不利于長時間保存。

　　SLA equipment is expensive and has high requirements for the factory environment. The strength, stiffness, and heat resistance of the mold after molding are limited, which is not conducive to long-term storage.

　　3.SLS

　　3. SLS

　　SLS即選擇性激光熔融，3D打印技術一種，目前成熟的工藝材料為蠟粉及塑料粉。打印時激光束對

　　SLS, also known as selective laser melting, is a type of 3D printing technology that currently uses mature process materials such as wax powder and plastic powder. Laser beam alignment during printing

　　平鋪的粉末進行有選擇地燒結，一層完成粉盒下降，再平鋪一層粉末激光燒結，全部燒結拿出粉盒

　　The flat powder is selectively sintered, with one layer completing the descent of the powder box, followed by another layer of powder laser sintering, all of which are sintered and the powder box is taken out

　　去掉多余的粉末，就可以得到一燒結好的零件。

　　By removing excess powder, a sintered part can be obtained.

　　SLS制作的手板模具強度高，韌性好，可用來制作軸承、齒輪、精密部件、電子部件，因不需支撐，

　　The prototype molds made by SLS have high strength and good toughness, and can be used to make bearings, gears, precision components, and electronic components without the need for support,

　　材料的利用率高；但它的在手板加工過程中有污染；速度相對較慢。

　　High utilization rate of materials; But it is contaminated during the prototype processing; The speed is relatively slow.

　　4.SLM

　　4. SLM

　　SLM即選區激光熔化成型技術，是目前金屬3D打印成型中普遍的技術，采用精細聚焦光斑快速

　　SLM, also known as selective laser melting and forming technology, is currently the most common technology in metal 3D printing and forming, which uses fine focusing of light spots for rapid processing

　　熔化預置金屬粉末，直接獲得任意形狀以及具有完全冶金結合的零件，得到的制作致密度可達

　　Melt preset metal powder to directly obtain parts of any shape and complete metallurgical bonding, resulting in a production density of up to

　　99%以上。

　　Over 99%.

　　SLM制作手板模具的過程中，由于制件通常較復雜，需要打印支撐材料，制件完成后需要去除支撐，

　　In the process of SLM making prototype molds, due to the complexity of the parts, it is necessary to print support materials, and after the parts are completed, the support needs to be removed,

　　并對制件的表面進行處理，所以制作時間會比較長，成本較高。

　　And the surface of the parts will be treated, so the production time will be longer and the cost will be higher.

　　5.FDM

　　5. FDM

　　FDM即熔積成型法，FDM的材料一般是熱塑性材料，如蠟、ABS、尼龍等，以絲狀供料。材料在

　　FDM, also known as melt deposition molding, is typically made of thermoplastic materials such as wax, ABS, nylon, etc., supplied in a filamentous form. Materials in

　　噴頭內被加熱熔化。噴頭沿零件截面輪廓和填充軌跡運動，同時將熔化的材料擠出，材料迅速凝固，

　　The nozzle is heated and melted inside. The nozzle moves along the cross-sectional profile and filling trajectory of the part, while extruding the melted material, causing it to quickly solidify,

　　并與周圍的材料凝結。

　　And coagulate with surrounding materials.

　　FDM制作手板模具的過程中， 相對較低，材料無害，無模具費，可以制作多種顏色，

　　In the process of making prototype molds using FDM, the price is relatively low, the materials are safe and harmless, there is no mold fee, and multiple colors can be produced,

　　但是不能打印鏤空產品。

　　But cannot print hollow products.

　　FDM加工完的手板模具有較明顯條紋，成型精度相對較低，需要設計和制作支撐結構，成型時間較長。

　　The hand board mold processed by FDM has obvious stripes and relatively low forming accuracy, requiring the design and production of supporting structures, resulting in a longer forming time.

　　6.真空復模

　　6. Vacuum replica

　　真空復模是利用產品原型（如：SLA或手板加工）在真空狀態下制作出硅膠模具，并在真空狀態

　　Vacuum replica is the production of silicone molds using product prototypes (such as SLA or prototype processing) in a vacuum state, and then in a vacuum state

　　下采用PU 材料進行澆注，從而克隆出與產品原型相同的復制件。

　　Using PU material for pouring, a replica identical to the product prototype was cloned.

　　真空覆膜是目前全世界使用普遍的手板復制技術；技術可應用于改變產品原型的材質、組裝樣機

　　Vacuum lamination is currently the most commonly used prototype replication technology worldwide; Technology can be applied to changing the material of product prototypes and assembling prototypes

　　或進行產品小批量生產等方面，以滿足產品開發過程中的性能測試、市場推廣以及送檢、審批等需求；

　　Or carry out small-scale production of products to meet the needs of performance testing, market promotion, inspection, approval, etc. during the product development process;

　　選用不同的PU材料，可以復制橡膠零件、透明零件、耐高溫零件等，普通PU 材料較脆、韌性及耐

　　Choosing different PU materials can replicate rubber parts, transparent parts, high-temperature resistant parts, etc. Ordinary PU materials are more brittle, tough, and resistant

　　高溫都比較差。

　　The high temperature is relatively poor.

　　7.低壓灌注

　　7. Low pressure perfusion

　　低壓灌注又名低壓反應注射成型，是應用于快速模制品生產的一項新工藝，它將雙組份聚氨酯材料

　　Low pressure injection molding, also known as low pressure reaction injection molding, is a new process applied in the production of rapid molded products. It combines two-component polyurethane materials

　　經混合后，在常溫、低壓環境下注入快速模具內，通過材料的聚合、交聯、固化等化學和物理過

　　After mixing, it is injected into the rapid mold at room temperature and low pressure, and undergoes chemical and physical processes such as material polymerization, cross-linking, and curing

　　程形成制品。

　　Cheng formed a product.

　　低壓灌注生成手板模具具有效率高、生產周期短、過程簡單、成本低的優點，適用于產品開發

　　Low pressure injection molding has the advantages of high efficiency, short production cycle, simple process, and low cost, making it suitable for product development

　　過程中的小批量試制，以及小批量生產的、結構較簡單的覆蓋件和大型厚壁及不均勻壁厚制品的生產。

　　Small batch trial production during the process, as well as the production of small batch, structurally simple covering parts and large thick and uneven wall thickness products.

　　8.鈑金制作

　　8. Sheet metal production

　　鈑金制作即對鋼板、鋁板、銅板等金屬板材進行加工，包含激光切割、沖壓、折彎等，鈑金加工

　　Sheet metal production refers to the processing of metal sheets such as steel plates, aluminum plates, copper plates, etc., including laser cutting, stamping, bending, etc. Sheet metal processing

　　的原材料的顯著特性就是同一零件厚度一致。

　　The significant characteristic of the raw materials is that the thickness of the same part is consistent.

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